Predominance of a single genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in countries of east Asia

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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 12 1995, 3234-3238, Vol 33, No. 12
Copyright © 1995 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Predominance of a single genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in countries of east Asia

D van Soolingen, L Qian, PE de Haas, JT Douglas, H Traore, F Portaels, HZ Qing, D Enkhsaikan, P Nymadawa and JD van Embden
Laboratory for Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Agents and Unit Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Analysis of the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from the People's Republic of China showed that the vast majority belong to a genetically closely related group. These strains shared the majority of their IS6110 DNA-containing restriction fragments, and also, the DNA polymorphism associated with other repetitive DNA elements, like the polymorphic GC-rich sequence and the direct repeat, was very limited. Because the majority of these strains originated from the province of Beijing, we designated this grouping the "Beijing family" of M. tuberculosis strains. Strains of this family were also found to dominate in neighboring countries such as Mongolia, South Korea, and Thailand, whereas a low prevalence of such strains was observed in countries on other continents. These data indicate that strains of the Beijing family recently expanded from a single ancestor which had a selective advantage. It is speculated that long-term Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination may be one of the selective forces implicated in the successful spread of the Beijing genotype.

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Filliol, I., Driscoll, J. R., van Soolingen, D., Kreiswirth, B. N., Kremer, K., Valetudie, G., Anh, D. D., Barlow, R., Banerjee, D., Bifani, P. J., Brudey, K., Cataldi, A., Cooksey, R. C., Cousins, D. V., Dale, J. W., Dellagostin, O. A., Drobniewski, F., Engelmann, G., Ferdinand, S., Gascoyne-Binzi, D., Gordon, M., Gutierrez, M. C., Haas, W. H., Heersma, H., Kassa-Kelembho, E., Ly, H. M., Makristathis, A., Mammina, C., Martin, G., Mostrom, P., Mokrousov, I., Narbonne, V., Narvskaya, O., Nastasi, A., Niobe-Eyangoh, S. N., Pape, J. W., Rasolofo-Razanamparany, V., Ridell, M., Rossetti, M. L., Stauffer, F., Suffys, P. N., Takiff, H., Texier-Maugein, J., Vincent, V., de Waard, J. H., Sola, C., Rastogi, N. (2003). Snapshot of Moving and Expanding Clones of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Their Global Distribution Assessed by Spoligotyping in an International Study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1963-1970 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Werngren, J., Hoffner, S. E. (2003). Drug-Susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Does Not Develop Mutation-Conferred Resistance to Rifampin at an Elevated Rate. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1520-1524 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Puustinen, K., Marjamaki, M., Rastogi, N., Sola, C., Filliol, I., Ruutu, P., Holmstrom, P., Viljanen, M. K., Soini, H. (2003). Characterization of Finnish Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates by Spoligotyping. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1525-1528 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ahmed, N., Caviedes, L., Alam, M., Rao, K. R., Sangal, V., Sheen, P., Gilman, R. H., Hasnain, S. E. (2003). Distinctiveness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Seropositive and -Seronegative Patients in Lima, Peru. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1712-1716 [Abstract] [Full Text]
van der Zanden, A. G. M., Kremer, K., Schouls, L. M., Caimi, K., Cataldi, A., Hulleman, A., Nagelkerke, N. J. D., van Soolingen, D. (2002). Improvement of Differentiation and Interpretability of Spoligotyping for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates by Introduction of New Spacer Oligonucleotides. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 4628-4639 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gutacker, M. M., Smoot, J. C., Migliaccio, C. A. L., Ricklefs, S. M., Hua, S., Cousins, D. V., Graviss, E. A., Shashkina, E., Kreiswirth, B. N., Musser, J. M. (2002). Genome-Wide Analysis of Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Organisms: Resolution of Genetic Relationships Among Closely Related Microbial Strains. Genetics 162: 1533-1543 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Li, Q., Whalen, C. C., Albert, J. M., Larkin, R., Zukowski, L., Cave, M. D., Silver, R. F. (2002). Differences in Rate and Variability of Intracellular Growth of a Panel of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates within a Human Monocyte Model. Infect. Immun. 70: 6489-6493 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mokrousov, I., Otten, T., Vyshnevskiy, B., Narvskaya, O. (2002). Detection of embB306 Mutations in Ethambutol-Susceptible Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Northwestern Russia: Implications for Genotypic Resistance Testing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3810-3813 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cavanagh, R., Begon, M., Bennett, M., Ergon, T., Graham, I. M., de Haas, P. E. W., Hart, C. A., Koedam, M., Kremer, K., Lambin, X., Roholl, P., Soolingen, D. v. (2002). Mycobacterium microti Infection (Vole Tuberculosis) in Wild Rodent Populations. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3281-3285 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mokrousov, I., Otten, T., Filipenko, M., Vyazovaya, A., Chrapov, E., Limeschenko, E., Steklova, L., Vyshnevskiy, B., Narvskaya, O. (2002). Detection of Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains by a Multiplex Allele-Specific PCR Assay Targeting katG Codon 315 Variation. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2509-2512 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mistry, N. F., Iyer, A. M., D'souza, D. T. B., Taylor, G. M., Young, D. B., Antia, N. H. (2002). Spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Multiple-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients from Bombay, India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2677-2680 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Burgos, M.V., Pym, A.S. (2002). Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 20: 54S-65s [Abstract] [Full Text]
Toungoussova, O. S., Sandven, P., Mariandyshev, A. O., Nizovtseva, N. I., Bjune, G., Caugant, D. A. (2002). Spread of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains of the Beijing Genotype in the Archangel Oblast, Russia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1930-1937 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mokrousov, I., Narvskaya, O., Otten, T., Limeschenko, E., Steklova, L., Vyshnevskiy, B. (2002). High Prevalence of KatG Ser315Thr Substitution among Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Northwestern Russia, 1996 to 2001. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 1417-1424 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cowan, L. S., Mosher, L., Diem, L., Massey, J. P., Crawford, J. T. (2002). Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates with Low Copy Numbers of IS6110 by Using Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1592-1602 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mokrousov, I., Narvskaya, O., Limeschenko, E., Otten, T., Vyshnevskiy, B. (2002). Novel IS6110 Insertion Sites in the Direct Repeat Locus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Strains from the St. Petersburg Area of Russia and Evolutionary and Epidemiological Considerations. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1504-1507 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Murray, M., Alland, D. (2002). Methodological Problems in the Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis. Am J Epidemiol 155: 565-571 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Qian, L., Abe, C., Lin, T.-P., Yu, M.-C., Cho, S.-N., Wang, S., Douglas, J. T. (2002). rpoB Genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Family Isolates from East Asian Countries. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1091-1094 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Diel, R., Schneider, S., Meywald-Walter, K., Ruf, C.-M., Rusch-Gerdes, S., Niemann, S. (2002). Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Hamburg, Germany: Long-Term Population-Based Analysis Applying Classical and Molecular Epidemiological Techniques. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 532-539 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Murray, M. (2002). Determinants of cluster distribution in the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.022618299v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Supply, P., Lesjean, S., Savine, E., Kremer, K., van Soolingen, D., Locht, C. (2001). Automated High-Throughput Genotyping for Study of Global Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Based on Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 3563-3571 [Abstract] [Full Text]
CAMINERO, J. A., PENA, M. J., CAMPOS-HERRERO, M. I., RODRIGUEZ, J. C., GARCIA, I., CABRERA, P., LAFOZ, C., SAMPER, S., TAKIFF, H., AFONSO, O., PAVON, J. M., TORRES, M. J., SOOLINGEN, D. V., ENARSON, D. A., MARTIN, C. (2001). Epidemiological Evidence of the Spread of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain of the Beijing Genotype on Gran Canaria Island. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164: 1165-1170 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fang, Z., Kenna, D. T., Doig, C., Smittipat, D. N., Palittapongarnpim, P., Watt, B., Forbes, K. J. (2001). Molecular Evidence for Independent Occurrence of IS6110 Insertions at the Same Sites of the Genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Different Clinical Isolates. J. Bacteriol. 183: 5279-5284 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kruuner, A., Hoffner, S. E., Sillastu, H., Danilovits, M., Levina, K., Svenson, S. B., Ghebremichael, S., Koivula, T., Kallenius, G. (2001). Spread of Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Estonia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 3339-3345 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Barlow, R. E. L., Gascoyne-Binzi, D. M., Gillespie, S. H., Dickens, A., Qamer, S., Hawkey, P. M. (2001). Comparison of Variable Number Tandem Repeat and IS6110-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses for Discrimination of High- and Low-Copy-Number IS6110 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 2453-2457 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Foxman, B., Riley, L. (2001). Molecular Epidemiology: Focus on Infection. Am J Epidemiol 153: 1135-1141 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rasolofo-Razanamparany, V., Ramarokoto, H., Aurégan, G., Gicquel, B., Chanteau, S. (2001). A Combination of Two Genetic Markers Is Sufficient for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Areas with a High Incidence of Tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 1530-1535 [Abstract] [Full Text]
CAMINERO, J. A., PENA, M. J., CAMPOS-HERRERO, M. I., RODRIGUEZ, J. C., AFONSO, O., MARTIN, C., PAVON, J. M., TORRES, M. J., BURGOS, M., CABRERA, P., SMALL, P. M., ENARSON, D. A. (2001). Exogenous Reinfection with Tuberculosis on a European Island with a Moderate Incidence of Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163: 717-720 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mazars, E., Lesjean, S., Banuls, A.-L., Gilbert, M., Vincent, V., Gicquel, B., Tibayrenc, M., Locht, C., Supply, P. (2001). High-resolution minisatellite-based typing as a portable approach to global analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis molecular epidemiology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 1901-1906 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Njanpop-Lafourcade, B. M., Inwald, J., Ostyn, A., Durand, B., Hughes, S., Thorel, M.-F., Hewinson, G., Haddad, N. (2001). Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates from Cameroon. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 222-227 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Beggs, M. L., Eisenach, K. D., Cave, M. D. (2000). Mapping of IS6110 Insertion Sites in Two Epidemic Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 2923-2928 [Abstract] [Full Text]
van Embden, J. D. A., van Gorkom, T., Kremer, K., Jansen, R., van der Zeijst, B. A. M., Schouls, L. M. (2000). Genetic Variation and Evolutionary Origin of the Direct Repeat Locus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 182: 2393-2401 [Abstract] [Full Text]

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